There are several types of pipe tempering

E like me GB / T9711.1 pipeline kila paipu hana koi, e like me ka okoa tempering wela, hiki ke maheleia i keia mau ano o ka tempering:

[1] Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela haʻahaʻa (150-250 degere)
ʻO ka microstructure i loaʻa ma ka haʻahaʻa wela haʻahaʻa he tempered martensite.ʻO kāna kumu e hōʻemi i ke koʻikoʻi hoʻopau a me ka brittleness o ke kila paʻakikī ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe, i pale aku ai i ka haki ʻana a i ʻole ka pōʻino mua i ka wā e hoʻohana ai.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā ʻano mea hana ʻoki kalapona kiʻekiʻe, ana mea hana, GB / T9711.1 pipeline steel pipe, rolling bearings a carburizing parts, etc., ʻo ka paʻakikī ma hope o ka tempering GENERALLY HRC58-64.

[2] Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela haʻahaʻa (250-500 degere)
ʻO ka microstructure i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he tempered trostite.ʻO ke kumu ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka palena elastic a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā ʻano mea āpau o GB / T9711.1 pipeline kila paipu a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela, ma hope o ka tempering hardness maʻamau HRC35-50.

[3] Ka wela wela (500-650 degere)
ʻO ka microstructure i loaʻa ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela wela he tempered sortensite.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kapa ʻia ʻo quenching a tempering.ʻO kāna kumu no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai mechanical piha piha o ka ikaika, paʻakikī, plasticity a me ka paʻakikī.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā kaʻa, GB / T9711.1 pipeline steel pipe, nā mīkini mīkini a me nā ʻāpana hana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me ke koʻokoʻo hoʻohui, bolt, gear and shaft.ʻO ka paʻakikī ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana he HB200-330.

Kūlana

API SPEC 5L -- American Petroleum Institute Standard

GB/T9711 -- Kūlana aupuni o Kina

Hoʻohana

Hoʻohana ʻia no ka oxygen, ka wai a me ka ʻaila e lawe ana i ka paipu i ka ʻaila a me ka ʻoihana kinoea maoli

ʻO ka hana nui o nā māka paipu kila:

B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 L245 L290 L320 L360 L390 L450 L485

Nā waiwai mīkini

Kūlana	Kaulana Huahana	Papa kila	Ka ikaika hua (min), Mpa	Ikaika U'i（MPa）
API 5L GB/T9711.2	PSL 1	A a i ʻole L210	210	335
		B a i ʻole L245	245	415
		x42 a i ʻole L290	290	415
		X46 a i ʻole L320	320	435
		X52 a i ʻole L360	360	460
		X56 a i ʻole L390	390	490
		X60 a i ʻole L415	415	520
		X70	483	565
	PSL 2	BR a i ʻole L245R	245~450	415~760
		X42R a i ʻole L290R	290~495	415~760
		BN a i ʻole L245N	245~450	415~760
		X42N a i ʻole L290N	290~495	415~760
		X46N a i ʻole L320N	320~525	435~760
		X52N a i ʻole L360N	360~530	460~760
		X56N a i ʻole L390N	390~545	490~760
		X60N a i ʻole L415N	415~565	520~760
		X65N a i ʻole L450N	425~566	525~760
		X70 a i ʻole L480	484~565	565~768
		X80	552~690	621~827

Papa o na Element kemika i ka paipu

Kaulana Huahana	Papa kila	Ka Hui Kimia, %
Kaulana Huahana	Papa kila	C	Mn	P	S	A	IN	Nb	Of	CEpcm
PSL 1	B a i ʻole L245	≤0.28	≤1.20	≤0.030	≤0.030	-	-	-	-	-
	x42 a i ʻole L290	≤0.28	≤1.30	≤0.030	≤0.030	-	-	-	-	-
	X46 a i ʻole L320	≤0.28	≤1.40	≤0.030	≤0.030	-	-	-	-	-
	X52 a i ʻole L360	≤0.28	≤1.40	≤0.030	≤0.030	-	-	-	-	-
	X56 a i ʻole L390	≤0.28	≤1.40	≤0.030	≤0.030	-	-	-	-	-
	X60 a i ʻole L415	≤0.28	≤1.40	≤0.030	≤0.030	-	-	-	-	-
	X70	≤0.28	≤1.40	≤0.030	≤0.030	-	-	-	-	-
PSL 2	BR a i ʻole L245R	≤0.24	≤1.20	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.40	c	c	≤0.04	≤0.25
	X42R a i ʻole L290R	≤0.24	≤1.20	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.40	≤0.06	≤0.05	≤0.04	≤0.25
	BN a i ʻole L245N	≤0.24	≤1.20	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.40	c	c	≤0.04	≤0.25
	X42N a i ʻole L290N	≤0.24	≤1.30	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.40	≤0.06	≤0.05	≤0.04	≤0.25
	X46N a i ʻole L320N	≤0.24	≤1.40	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.40	≤0.07	≤0.05	≤0.04	≤0.25
	X52N a i ʻole L360N	≤0.24	≤1.40	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.45	≤0.10	≤0.05	≤0.04	≤0.25
	X56N a i ʻole L390N	≤0.24	≤1.40	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.45	≤0.10	≤0.05	≤0.04	≤0.25
	X60N a i ʻole L415N	≤0.24	≤1.40	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.45	≤0.10	≤0.05	≤0.04	-
	X65N a i ʻole L450N	≤0.24	≤1.40	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.45	≤0.10	≤0.05	≤0.04	-
	X70N	≤0.24	≤1.40	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.45	≤0.10	≤0.05	≤0.04	-
	X80	≤0.24	≤1.40	≤0.025	≤0.015	≤0.45	≤0.10	≤0.05	≤0.04